Influence of E-cadherin methylation on prognosis in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia / 中国当代儿科杂志

OBJECTIVES@#To study the significance of E-cadherin and the association between E-cadherin methylation status and prognosis in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) by examining the mRNA and protein expression of E-cadherin and its gene methylation status in bone marrow mononuclear cells of children with ALL.@*METHODS@#The samples of 5 mL bone marrow blood were collected from 42 children with ALL who were diagnosed for the first time at diagnosis (pre-treatment group) and on day 33 of induction chemotherapy (post-treatment group). RT-qPCR, Western blot, and methylation-specific PCR were used to measure the mRNA and protein expression of E-cadherin and the methylation level of the E-cadherin gene. The changes in each index after induction chemotherapy were compared.@*RESULTS@#The mRNA and protein expression levels of E-cadherin in the post-treatment group were significantly higher than those in the pre-treatment group (P<0.05), while the positive rate of E-cadherin gene methylation in the post-treatment group was significantly lower than that in the pre-treatment group (P<0.05). At the end of the test, the children with negative methylation had significantly higher overall survival rate and event-free survival rate than those with positive methylation (P<0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#E-cadherin expression is associated with the development of ALL in children, and its decreased expression and increased methylation level may indicate a poor prognosis.

Clinical Significance of SFRP1 Gene Methylation in Patients with Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the clinical significance of SFRP1 gene and its methylation in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) .@*METHODS@#Methylation-specific PCR (MSP) was used to detect the methylation status of SFRP1 gene in bone marrow mononuclear cells of 43 children with newly diagnosed ALL before chemotherapy (primary group) and when the bone marrow reached complete remission d 46 after induction of remission chemotherapy (remission group), the expression of SFRP1 mRNA was detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), the expression of SFRP1 protein was detected by Western blot, and clinical data of children were collected, the clinical significance of SFRP1 gene methylation in children with ALL was analyze.@*RESULTS@#The positive rate of SFRP1 gene promoter methylation in the primary group (44.19%) was significantly higher than that in the remission group (11.63%) (χ2=11.328, P<0.05). The relative expression levels of SFRP1 mRNA and protein in bone marrow mononuclear cells of children in the primary group were significantly lower than those in the remission group (P<0.05). Promoter methylation of SFRP1 gene was associated with risk level (χ2=15.613, P=0.000) and survival of children (χ2=6.561, P=0.010) in the primary group, children with SFRP1 hypermethylation had significantly increased risk and shortened event-free survival time, but no significant difference in other clinical data.@*CONCLUSION@#Hypermethylation of SFRP1 gene promoter may be involved in the development of childhood ALL, and its hypermethylation may be associated with poor prognosis.

Expression and Significance of Low-Density Lipoprotein-Related Receptors 5 and 6 in the Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling Pathway in Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the significance of low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 5 and 6 (LRP5/6) in the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in the pathogenesis and prognosis of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL).@*METHODS@#A total of 43 children who were newly diagnosed and achieved complete remission after remission induction therapy were enrolled. The children before treatment were included in incipient group, and after treatment when achieved complete remission included in remission group. A total of 39 children with immune thrombocytopenia were enrolled in control group. Three milliliter bone marrow samples were collected from above-mentioned each group. QRT-PCR was used to determine the mRNA expression of LRP5 and LRP6 in blood mononuclear cells of bone marrow. Western blot was used to detect the protein expression of LRP5 and LRP6. According to the protein expression levels of LRP5 and LRP6, the children were divided into low-expression group and high-expression group, and the clinical biological characteristics were compared between these two groups. Survival analysis was performed by Kaplan-Meier method.@*RESULTS@#Both mRNA and protein expression levels of LRP5 and 6 were upregulated in the incipient group compared with the control and remission group (P<0.05). The mRNA and protein expressions of LRP5 and LRP6 in the high-risk group were higher than those in the medium-risk group (P<0.05), it is the same as in the medium-risk group than the low-risk group (P<0.05). The mRNA and protein expressions of LRP5 and 6 positively correlated with risk degree in the incipient group (r@*CONCLUSION@#The high expression of LRP5/6 may be one of the pathogenesis of childhood ALL, and the degree of LRP5/6 increase may be related to the risk level.

Expression and Significance of Leucine-rich Repeat-containing G-protein Coupled Receptor 5/6 in Wnt Pathway in Children with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia / 中国医学科学院学报

Objective To study the expression and significance of leucine-rich repeat-containing G-protein coupled receptor(LGR)5/6 in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia(ALL). Methods A total of 39 children who had ALL and achieved complete remission on day 33 after induction therapy were enrolled.The children before induction therapy were considered as the incipient group,and those who achieved complete remission on day 33 by induction therapy were considered as the remission group.According to the degree of risk,they were assigned into 3 groups:low-risk(

Interactive effects of fine particulate matter and temperature on residents mortality in Pudong, Shanghai / 上海预防医学

Objective To evaluate the interactive effects of fine particulate matter and temperature on non-accidental mortality of residents in Pudong, Shanghai. Methods Daily mortality, air pollutants and meteorological data from Jan 1st.2016 to Dec 31st.2017 were collected.Generalized additive Poisson regression models was used to estimate the effects of PM2.5 pollution on daily mortality, bivariate response surface models and temperature stratified models were applied to examine the interaction of temperature with PM2.5 on mortality. Results A total of 43 345 non-accidental deaths were included, daily mean PM2.5 concentration was 39.1 μg/m3, daily mean temperature was 17.7 ℃.A 10 μg/m3 increase in the daily PM2.5 at lag 1 day was associated with a 0.56%(95%CI:0.11%-1.01%), 0.49%(95%CI:-0.19%-1.18%) and 0.22%(95%CI:-1.14%-1.60%) increase in non-accidental, cardiovascular and respiratory mortality, respectively.Higher risks were identified for males and the older (≥65 years).The effect estimates per 10 μg/m3 increase in PM2.5 in medium temperature level were 0.59%(95%CI:0.04%-1.14%)for non-accidental, 0.51%(95%CI:-0.32%-1.35%)for cardiovascular and 0.51%(95%CI:-0.32%-1.35%) for respiratory mortalities.The PM2.5 effects were approximately 2-4 times higher in higher temperature level for non-accidental and cardiovascular mortalities compared with other temperature levels; for respiratory mortality, the PM2.5 effects was approximately 2-fold higher in lower temperature levels than the medium, although the interactions between temperature and PM2.5 were statistically insignificant. Conclusions Temperature may modify the effects of PM2.5 on mortality in Pudong, Shanghai and the interactive pattern may be different across disease-specific mortalities.

Clinicopathological features and prognosis of colorectal stromal tumor / 北京大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#The incidence of colorectal stromal tumor is low among digestive tract tumors, therefore the literatures about clinicopathological features and prognosis of colorectal stromal tumor are few at home and abroad. In this study, we performed survival analyses for colorectal stromal tumor. The nomogram made by prognostic factors provided basis for evaluation of prognosis.@*METHODS@#The clinico-pathological and prognostic data of colorectal stromal tumor between January 1992 and December 2015 were collected from the surveillance, epidemiology, and end results (SEER) database. The survival analyses were made by SPSS 24.0 software. The nomogram and calibration curve were made by RMS package in R 3.5.2 software.@*RESULTS@#In the study, 546 patients with colorectal stromal tumor were included. The median age of onset was 64 years. The regional lymph node metastasis (LNM) rate was 9.4%. The multivariate Cox regression analyses of the 546 cases showed that the older age of onset (>64 years), single or divorce, colon tumor (compared with rectal tumor), non-surgery, high histological grade, LNM and distant metastasis were associated with worse cancer specific survival (CSS) and overall survival (OS), P < 0.05 for all. The treatment district was independent prognostic factor of OS (P = 0.027). The C-index of independent prognostic factors predicting CSS and OS probability were 0.76 (95%CI: 0.72-0.80) and 0.75 (95%CI: 0.72-0.78), respectively. Multivariate analyses were further carried out in the 174 patients with definite histological grade and tumor location, which revealed that the age of onset, histological grade, surgery or not were independent prognostic factors of CSS and OS (P < 0.05 for all). Tumor location was associated with CSS (P = 0.041) but not OS (P = 0.057) among the 174 cases. Four independent prognostic factors influencing the 174 patients' prognosis were used to make nomogram for predicting survival probability of 546 cases. The C-index of four prognostic factors predicting probability of CSS and OS of the 546 cases were separately 0.71 (95%CI: 0.66-0.75) and 0.73 (95%CI: 0.70-0.77). The nomogram had more accuracy for predicting OS probability of colorectal stromal tumors.@*CONCLUSION@#The prognosis of colorectal stromal tumor was affected by multiple clinicopathological factors. The nomogram provided the basis for predicting the survival probability of patients with colorectal stromal tumor.

Expression and significance of dishevelled proteins in the Wnt pathway in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia / 中国当代儿科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To study the significance of dishevelled (DVL) proteins in the Wnt signaling pathway in the pathogenesis and prognosis of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL).@*METHODS@#A total of 33 children with new-onset ALL were enrolled as the case group. According to the degree of risk, they were divided into 3 groups: low-risk (n=14), intermediate-risk (n=5) and high-risk (n=14). A total of 29 children with immune thrombocytopenia were enrolled as the control group. At diagnosis and on day 33 of induction therapy, 2 mL bone marrow samples were collected from the case and control groups, and qRT-PCR was used to measure the mRNA expression of DVL1, DVL2 and DVL3 in blood cells of bone marrow.@*RESULTS@#The mRNA expression of DVL1, DVL2 and DVL3 in the case group in the incipient stage was significantly higher than that in the remission stage and the control group (P<0.05). Compared with the control group, the case group had a significant increase in the mRNA expression of DVL2 in the remission stage (P<0.05). The mRNA expression of DVL2 was significantly higher than that of DVL1 and DVL3 in both remission and incipient stages (P<0.05). The high- and intermediate-risk groups had significantly higher mRNA expression of DVL1 and DVL2 than the low-risk group (P<0.05). The mRNA expression of DVL2 was significantly higher than that of DVL1 and DVL3 in the low-, intermediate- and high-risk groups (P<0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#The change in the expression of DVL, especially DVL2, in the Wnt signal pathway has certain significance in the pathogenesis and prognosis of childhood ALL.

Role of inhibition of osteogenesis function by Sema4D/Plexin-B1 signaling pathway in skeletal fluorosis in vitro / 华中科技大学学报（医学）（英德文版）

Skeletal fluorosis is a chronically metabolic bone disease with extensive hyperostosis osteosclerosis caused by long time exposure to fluoride. Skeletal fluorosis brings about a series of abnormal changes of the extremity, such as joint pain, joint stiffness, bone deformity, etc. Differentiation and maturation of osteoblasts were regulated by osteoclasts via Sema4D/Plexin-B1 signaling pathway. Furthermore, the differentiation and maturation of osteoclasts are conducted by osteoblasts via RANKL/RANK/OPG pathway. Both of these processes form a feedback circuit which is a key link in skeletal fluorosis. In this study, an osteoblast-osteoclast co-culture model in vitro was developed to illustrate the mechanism of skeletal fluorosis. With the increase of fluoride concentration, the expression level of Sema4D was decreased and TGF-β1 was increased continuously. OPG/RANKL mRNA level, however, increased gradually. On the basis of that, the inhibition of Sema4D/Plexin-B1/RhoA/ROCK signaling pathway caused by fluoride promoted the level of TGF-β1 and activated the proliferation of osteoblasts. In addition, osteroprotegerin (OPG) secreted by osteoblasts was up-regulated by fluoride. The competitive combination of OPG and RANKL was strengthened and the combination of RANKL and RANK was hindered. And then the differentiation and maturation of osteoclasts were inhibited, and bone absorption was weakened, leading to skeletal fluorosis.